From Slate:
ALEKS wasn’t originally designed to revive the fortunes of the textbook industry. The software − whose name stands for Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces − was developed by a team of mathematicians, cognitive scientists, and software engineers at UC Irvine in the 1990s, with support from a National Science Foundation grant.

For the full story, please visit http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2015/10/adaptive_learning_software_is_replacing_textbooks_and_upending_american.html.